Neck pain is a prevalent issue that affects millions globally, marking it as one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders.
Comprehensive Risk Factors for Neck Pain
The development of neck pain is influenced by a combination of physical, psychological and individual-related risk factors. Recent systematic reviews have indicated that most risk factors for neck pain are associated with psychosocial rather than physical characteristics. This evidence further emphasizes the significance of psychological aspects in the experience of pain.
Identifying protective mechanisms and risk factors, can inform prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management strategies for neck pain.
1) Psychological Factors
Psychological factors play an important role in the onset and exacerbation of neck pain. The multifaceted relationship between psychological health and neck pain necessitates a holistic approach to management and prevention, highlighting the importance of:
- Stress
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Certain cognitive factors
- Sleep problems
2)Biological Factors
Factors including pre-existing neuromusculoskeletal or autoimmune disorders, aging, and genetics are significant contributors. Further research is necessary to explore the association between neck pain and gender. The impact of biological factors on neck pain highlights the importance of early diagnosis and personalized management strategies.
3) Work-Related Physical Risk Factors
Even though most systematic reviews have highlighted the significance of psychosocial factors, it is critical not to underestimate the impact of physical factors on neck pain. One such identified risk factor is working in awkward or sustained postures. According to a systematic review, this was the most commonly reported physical risk factor for first-episode neck pain.
The modern workplace, characterized by prolonged computer use, repetitive motions, and poor ergonomics, may significantly contribute to this risk. This underscores the necessity for ergonomic interventions and workplace adaptations to mitigate the development of neck pain. Additionally, psychological stressors like high job demands and low control or support can further exacerbate physical strain, leading to increased neck pain.
Holistic Approach to the Management and Prevention of Neck Pain
Acknowledging the complex nature of neck pain is essential for its effective management, necessitating a holistic strategy that incorporates biological, physical, and psychosocial elements. Central to this perspective is considering both ergonomic hazards in the workplace and enhancing social support systems to recognize and alleviate stress and excessive workload. Ergonomic improvements and healthy work practices, coupled with a supportive social environment, can play a key role in addressing both the physical strains from awkward or sustained postures and the psychological stressors that contribute to neck pain. This balanced approach, which emphasizes both ergonomic optimization and emotional and social support, could be crucial in mitigating neck pain and promoting overall well-being.
References:
- Kazeminasab S, Nejadghaderi SA, Amiri P, et al. Neck pain: global epidemiology, trends and risk factors. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1):26. Published 2022 Jan 3. doi:10.1186/s12891-021-04957-42.
- Kim R, Wiest C, Clark K, Cook C, Horn M. Identifying risk factors for first-episode neck pain: A systematic review. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2018;33:77-83. doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2017.11.007
- Mork R, Falkenberg HK, Fostervold KI, Thorud HS. Discomfort glare and psychological stress during computer work: subjective responses and associations between neck pain and trapezius muscle blood flow. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2020;93(1):29-42. doi:10.1007/s00420-019-01457-w
