Neck Pain & Risk Factors

Neck Pain at Work: A Common Problem

Neck pain is a widespread problem affecting millions of people worldwide, making it one of the most common musculoskeletal problems. At work in particular, factors such as prolonged sitting, poor ergonomics and stress play a significant role. Below we look at the risk factors — and, importantly, what you can do.

Risk Factors for Neck Pain

The onset of neck pain is influenced by a combination of physical, psychological and individual factors. Recent systematic reviews have shown that neck pain is associated more with psychosocial risk factors than with physical ones. These findings further highlight the importance of psychological aspects in the experience of pain.

Identifying both the risk factors and the corresponding protective mechanisms can guide strategies for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of neck pain.

1) Psychological Factors

According to research, the following psychological factors play a significant role in the onset and worsening of neck pain:

  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Specific cognitive factors
  • Sleep disturbances

2) Biological Factors

Pre-existing neuromusculoskeletal or autoimmune disorders and ageing are also significant factors. Further research is needed to investigate the association between neck pain and sex. The influence of biological factors on neck pain underlines the importance of early diagnosis and individualised management strategies.

3) Work-Related Physical Risk Factors

Despite the emphasis placed on psychosocial factors by most systematic reviews, it is crucial not to underestimate the influence of physical factors on neck pain. One such risk factor is working in awkward or prolonged postures. According to one systematic review, this was the most frequently reported physical risk factor for a first episode of neck pain.

The modern workplace, characterised by prolonged computer use, repetitive movements and poor ergonomics, can contribute significantly to this risk. Consequently, there is a need for ergonomic interventions and workplace adjustments to mitigate the risk of neck pain. In addition, psychological factors such as stress, high job demands and an insufficiently supportive work environment can worsen physical health, leading to increased neck pain.

A Holistic Approach to Managing and Preventing Neck Pain

Recognising the multidimensional nature of neck pain is essential for its effective management, requiring a holistic strategy that integrates biological, physical and psychosocial elements. Improvements in ergonomics and healthy working practices, combined with a supportive work environment, can play a key role in addressing both the physical strain from awkward or prolonged postures and the psychological factors that contribute to neck pain. This holistic approach could be crucial for mitigating neck pain and promoting overall wellbeing.

Practical Tips for Preventing Neck Pain at Work

A few simple, everyday changes can significantly reduce the strain on your neck:

  • Set up your chair and monitor correctly: the monitor at eye level and the chair’s armrests supporting your elbows, with relaxed shoulders.
  • Take regular movement breaks, avoiding prolonged static posture.
  • Manage stress and workload, as they directly affect neck pain.
  • Include regular movement and strengthening and mobility exercises for the neck and shoulders.

The Specialized Approach of Workplace Physiocare

Complaints such as neck pain are not an inevitable part of working life. With the right information and individualised support, they can be effectively prevented and managed.

Find out more about the prevention and management of these problems through our specialist services:

How to Support Neck Health in Your Workplace

The process to support your team’s health is straightforward. Follow the steps below to get started:

  1. Get in touch: Send us your request at info@workplace-physiocare.gr or fill in the contact form.
  2. Initial discussion: We arrange a short call to understand your needs (number of employees, type of work, current problems — e.g. neck pain, ergonomics).
  3. Proposal & delivery: We send you a tailored proposal (ergonomics training and/or occupational health physiotherapy, on-site or online).

Contact us today and let’s build a healthier, more productive working environment together.

Blog written by Michail Arvanitidis

This information is general and does not replace individual medical or physiotherapy advice. For personalised guidance, consult a qualified health professional.

References:

  1. Kazeminasab S, Nejadghaderi SA, Amiri P, et al. Neck pain: global epidemiology, trends and risk factors. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1):26. doi:10.1186/s12891-021-04957-4.
  2. Kim R, Wiest C, Clark K, Cook C, Horn M. Identifying risk factors for first-episode neck pain: A systematic review. Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2018;33:77-83. doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2017.11.007.
  3. Mork R, Falkenberg HK, Fostervold KI, Thorud HS. Discomfort glare and psychological stress during computer work: subjective responses and associations between neck pain and trapezius muscle blood flow. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2020;93(1):29-42. doi:10.1007/s00420-019-01457-w.

Frequently Asked Questions about Neck Pain at Work

It is usually a combination of factors: prolonged or awkward postures, poor ergonomics, and also psychosocial factors such as stress and high job demands.
No. Recent research shows that psychosocial factors (anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances) often play an equal or even greater role than physical ones.
Set your monitor at eye level, take regular movement breaks, keep your shoulders relaxed, avoid frequently bending your neck downwards, and manage stress. Strengthening and mobility exercises also help.
Yes, as part of a holistic approach. Ergonomic improvements, healthy working practices and a supportive environment together give the best result.
If the pain persists, worsens, or is accompanied by symptoms such as numbness, radiating arm pain, or weakness, it is best to consult a qualified health professional.
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